These use well-developed examples of UNICEF programming in a range of countries.

261. IAEA has just completed a two-phase Options Identification Programme aimed at evaluating data relevant to a nuclear desalination demonstration and analysing the most practical options for such a demonstration.41 Three options, using well-proven water-cooled reactors and desalination technologies, were recommended for further consideration: (a) a reverse-osmosis desalination plant with limited water production capacity in combination with a medium-size nuclear power reactor under construction or in an advanced design stage with near-term construction expected (this combination can be easily applied to larger commercial water-production facilities); (b) a reverse-osmosis desalination plant of limited size as in (a), in combination with a reactor currently in operation, with some minor modifications for integration (again this combination can be extrapolated to a commercial-size production facility); and (c) multi-effect distillation desalination in combination with a small reactor to be newly constructed, which would be suitable for water production.